Monday, 25 June 2012

Inequality between men and women

Stereo types

MEN: Dominant, strong, intellegent, strong willed, muscular, hansome.
WOMEN: Passive, beautiful, quiet (wall flowers), domestic, weak, curvaceous.

Notice anything?
A common occurrence?

 Inequality of the sexes!

Throughout history men and women have been protrayed in this old fashioned and dated way, and still today to a ceirtain extent. Women are massivly sexulised and protrayed as objects, appealing to the male gaze (Laura Mulvey in 1975). Where as men are seen in society as the ones largely in control and dominant in a patriarchal society.



Monday, 18 June 2012

Quotations

“reinforcing the views of many young men that women are always available for sex”.

44%–81% of music videos contain sexual imagery

42% of female artists were coded as wearing “alluring clothing”.

Analysis of MTV music videos has found objectification in 44.4% of the 30- second clips analysed.

Institute of Education which found that 66% of young people reported the media as their primary source of information on sex and relationships.

defend women’s right to ‘freely express themselves in a sexualized manner’, argues that current government policies are not adequate to ensuring gender equality and preventing harm to women and suggests a number of things the media and government could do to combat the sexualisation of women and related harms

A 2005 study of 2,081 young people in Rochdale also found that pornography influences young men’s expectations of sexual relationships, “leading to pressure on young women to comply” and grooming young men and boys to expect sexual acts normalised in pornography.

http://realsociology.edublogs.org/2010/12/03/object-challenging-the-sexualisation-of-women-in-popular-culture/

Supermarkets have also taken to selling soft porn - on low-level shelving. A recent magazine blatantly titled "SEX SCHOOL" is hardly what I expected my kids to encounter on a trip for groceries.

http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/37158.html

“The sexualisation of popular
culture and the ubiquity of
sexualised imagery of women
were described by stakeholder
organisations at all the
consultation events as
conducive contexts for violence
against women”
Realising Rights, Fulfilling
Obligations: A Template for an
Integrated Strategy on Violence
End Violence Against Women
Coalition

Against Women for the UK

“The latest strip club to hit The City aims to
provide bankers with a night of attractive
women. Most girls range from mildly attractive
to hot - most with good firm bodies to fit
different tastes. From the slim girls with fake
breasts to the voluptuous with natural curves,
you'll no doubt find someone to appeal. Varying
in prettiness they're good dancers across the
board so it's up to you what you find attractive
and where you want to splash the cash!”
Listings review for a lap dancing club located in
the City of London

“[the] gross
underrepresentation of women
or girls in films ... reflects a
missed opportunity to present a
broad spectrum of girls and
women in roles that are nonsexualised”.
American Psychological
Association (2007)
APA Task Force on the
Sexualisation of Girls

“ ‘
editor Chris Bell reveals the tricks...
- Dress sexily. For some reason bikinis,
lingerie and high heels seem to impress
the judges. Weird.
- Send a variety of photos, not just the
one that miraculously disguises your
hump.
- Groom yourself. Especially
How to be a Honey’ FHMs deputydown there
if you
snap from the waist up. And please hide
that Playboy tattoo
re in your bikini or underwear. Or.More magazine, 28 July 2008
Report of the
To be treated with dignity is one of the foundations of human rights. To what
extent can women claim respect in societies where there are extensive and
increasingly legitimised, sex industries? Treating a human being as a
commodity, means that they are denuded of humanity such that abuse
becomes acceptable.
thingaDr Liz. Kelly, Equality and Diversity Forum Seminar, London 2006

“When I entered this [lap dancing] I
thought it was like showgirls dancing on
stage providing entertainment. You
[think you will] look like a star, and get
paid lots of money for looking like
Britney Spears. The reality was very
different and the way in which women
were treated by club owners was
appalling. Many women go into the
industry being wrongly sold what it is
ll.

bullying in the corridors that we were
completely unaware of as a school. Some of
the Year 10 girls, especially, began to say
There was quite a lot of low-level sexual
time
Male PSHE teacher.
Im sick of boys touching my bum all thetheyve got no right to.
WOMANKIND (2007)
Changing Lives: Gender on the UK Education
Agenda

societal consequences such as sexism, sex bias and sexist attitudes
The sexualisation of girls and women may contribute to broader.
The American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualisation
of Girls (2007).

Challenging Violence,
Angela, a woman formerly in lap dancing
 
(2008)

Sub-section- eating disorders caused by presure from the music industry and stars in the media

Sub-section- eating disorders caused by presure from the music industry and stars in the media

Approximately six billion people in the world, and a mere ten million of them suffering with some type of disordered eating (18% of the overall population), the media obviously doesn't cause everyone to develop Anorexia, Bulimia or Compulsive Overeating. (Current statistics indicated that approximately one in every one hundred teenage girls may develop an Eating Disorder).

From early-on children are taught by society that their looks matter. Think of the three and four year old who is continuously praised for being "oh so cute". With an increased population of children who spend a lot of time in front of television, there are more of them coming up with a superficial sense of who they are. Images on T.V. spend countless hours telling us to lose weight, be thin and beautiful, buy more stuff because people will like us and we'll be better people for it. Programming on the tube rarely depicts men and women with "average" body-types or crappy clothes, ingraining in the back of all our minds that this is the type of life we want. Overweight characters are typically portrayed as lazy, the one with no friends, or "the bad guy", while thin women and pumped-up men are the successful, popular, sexy and powerful ones. How can we tell our children that it's what's inside that counts, when the media continuously contradicts this message?
Super models in all the popular magazines have continued to get thinner and thinner. Modeling agencies have been reported to actively pursue Anorexic models. The average woman model weighs up to 25% less than the typical woman and maintains a weight at about 15 to 20 percent below what is considered healthy for her age and height. Some models go through plastic surgery, some are "taped-up" to mold their bodies into more photogenic representations of themselves, and photos are airbrushed before going to print. By far, these body types and images are not the norm and unobtainable to the average individual, and far and wide, the constant force of these images on society makes us believe they should be. We need to remind ourselves and each other constantly (especially children) that these images are fake.
Diet advertisements are another problem. On television, in magazines and newspapers, we are continually exposed to the notion that losing weight will make us happier and it will be through "THIS diet plan". Time and time again it has been proven that, for the long-term, regimented diet plans DO NOT work, yet our society continues to buy into the idea that they do. Pop-culture's imposed definition of "the ideal body" combined with the diet industry's drive to make more money, creates a never-ending cycle of ad upon ad that try to convince us "...if you lose weight, your life will be good." The flip side is that as long as we continue to buy into their false claims by purchasing these (often dangerous) products, the more the diet industry will keep pushing their slogans at us.
From the About-Face organization: "400-600 advertisements bombard us everyday in magazines, on billboards, on tv, and in newspapers. One in eleven has a direct message about beauty, not even counting the indirect messages."
While all of these images, advertisements, and messages may be counterproductive to a good self-image, and society's overall acceptance of each person's different size and shape, they are NOT the reason so many men and women develop an Eating Disorder. These images may not help, and for those already open to the possibility of negative coping mechanisms and/or mental illness, the media may play a small contributing role -- but ultimately, if a young man or woman's life situation, environment, and/or genetics leave them open to an Eating Disorder (or alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, OCD, etc.), they will still end up in the same place regardless of television or magazines. Ultimately it's important to know that Anorexia, Bulimia and Compulsive Overeating are NOT about weight and food. Rather they are complex disorders where each sufferer is plagued with low self-esteem, an inability to cope with their own emotions and stress, and many underlying issues that have lead them to their disordered eating.
 
Barbie- the height of perfection?
Barbie-type dolls have often been blamed on playing a role in the development of body-image problems and Eating Disorders. Not only do these dolls have fictionally proportioned, small body sizes, but they lean towards escalating the belief that materialistic possessions, beauty and thinness equate happiness. Barbie has more accessories available to purchase than can be believed, including Ken, her attractive boyfriend. She has an assortment of jobs including: Potty-training her sister Kelly, princess and more recently, Dentist (in which she wears a mini-skirt and has enough hair that her patients would choke).

 I believe Barbie helps to perpetuate an ideal of materialism, beauty, and being thin as important elements to happiness in one's life. At an age where children are very impressionable and seek to be like the role models around them, it's important to emphasize that they are pretend. If your kids wanthese dolls
(and lots of kids do), they should learn to rely on their imagination in playing with Barbie creatively (we often have her driving a dump truck or fixing the car in our house). In general, children need to be exposed to a variety toys, and provided with well-rounded choices. Most importantly, they need to see in real-life the true role models such as doctors, teachers, women and men in history, artists, writers, and moms and dads.

Society and Culture
 
In addition to the media, part of the societal problems are a result of lack of education. Girls and boys need to be aware of the changes their bodies go through during puberty and why, and as well, why they should feel proud of their bodies no matter what size or shape.
People in societal "pop-culture", whether consciously or subconsciously, perpetuate the ideal of thinness through their conversations, judgments and teasing of their peers and other family members. The associate of shame with weight, as women tend to not want to disclose what they weigh, or do not want to be seen in "this bathing-suit" or "that pair of shorts" contributes to the sense that they should be ashamed of their body size. The chronic passive obsession about weight within families (wife asks husband "do I look fat in this?"), and within circles of friends (first time seeing someone in a while, the comment: "you've gained/lost weight!") continues to emphasize the idea that how we look and what we weigh is of utmost importance. Many of us blame the magazines and diet ads, while we walk around guilty of the same "crimes".
A high percentage of the American culture falls into one of two categories. Couch potato or exercise freak. There is no consistent example set to our children that moderate regular exercise is good for us and essential for our health. They either see us rigorously obsessed with burning calories and fat, or neglecting our bodies through lack of activity. We also live in the age of the video game and the internet where many of our children spend countless hours in front of Nintendo or watching as their parents sit at the computer for hours on end. It is important to encourage your kids to go outside and play and to teach them about exercise. They need to know that there is such a thing as too much or too little. The best thing you can do for your children is to take walks as a family four or five days per week, because "it's good for our bodies and because it's fun".
A recent study by a popular television news program investigated the pursuit of a professional career, and how looks play a role. Two men and two women were sent out in search of jobs (one of each was considered more attractive than the other, and their looks were accentuated up or down with make-up). Both dressed well and had equal qualifications. Each time the "more attractive" man or woman, though equally well-spoken, amicable and qualified, was immediately invited back for a return interview, or hired right away. Looks and weight have continued to play a role in whether a person is hired, or is able to be promoted, especially in women. Professional women are often expected to be thin, well-dressed, and attractive.
http://www.something-fishy.org/cultural/themedia.php

Thin girls in music videos

It is all to common in todays society that female models in music videos to apear near emasiated. female dancers and models out number males massivly in music videos, the women in music videos often tend to be dressed in matching clothes creating a uniformed effect this is also mirrored in the sexualised dance moves the girls present to us creates an objectification effect. We watch the models and dancers as if they where objects, where as we do NOT with the males presented in a non-sexual way in music videos.

Music videos are a particularly influential, new form of mass media for adolescents, which include the depiction of scantily clad female models whose bodies epitomise the ultra-thin sociocultural ideal for young women. The present study is the first exposure experiment that examines the impact of thin models in music videos on the body dissatisfaction of 16-19-year-old adolescent girls. First, participants completed measures of positive and negative affect, body image, and self-esteem. Under the guise of a memory experiment, they then either watched three music videos, listened to three songs (from the videos), or learned a list of words. Affect and body image were assessed afterwards. In contrast to the music listening and word-learning conditions, girls who watched the music videos reported significantly elevated scores on an adaptation of the Body Image States Scale after exposure, indicating increased body dissatisfaction. Self-esteem was not found to be a significant moderator of this relationship. Implications and future research are discussed.


Thursday, 14 June 2012

Sub-section- eating disorders caused by presure from the music industry and stars in the media


Sub-section- eating disorders caused by presure from the music industry and stars in the media

Approximately six billion people in the world, and a mere ten million of them suffering with some type of disordered eating (18% of the overall population), the media obviously doesn't cause everyone to develop Anorexia, Bulimia or Compulsive Overeating. (Current statistics indicated that approximately one in every one hundred teenage girls may develop an Eating Disorder).

From early-on children are taught by society that their looks matter. Think of the three and four year old who is continuously praised for being "oh so cute". With an increased population of children who spend a lot of time in front of television, there are more of them coming up with a superficial sense of who they are. Images on T.V. spend countless hours telling us to lose weight, be thin and beautiful, buy more stuff because people will like us and we'll be better people for it. Programming on the tube rarely depicts men and women with "average" body-types or crappy clothes, ingraining in the back of all our minds that this is the type of life we want. Overweight characters are typically portrayed as lazy, the one with no friends, or "the bad guy", while thin women and pumped-up men are the successful, popular, sexy and powerful ones. How can we tell our children that it's what's inside that counts, when the media continuously contradicts this message?
Super models in all the popular magazines have continued to get thinner and thinner. Modeling agencies have been reported to actively pursue Anorexic models. The average woman model weighs up to 25% less than the typical woman and maintains a weight at about 15 to 20 percent below what is considered healthy for her age and height. Some models go through plastic surgery, some are "taped-up" to mold their bodies into more photogenic representations of themselves, and photos are airbrushed before going to print. By far, these body types and images are not the norm and unobtainable to the average individual, and far and wide, the constant force of these images on society makes us believe they should be. We need to remind ourselves and each other constantly (especially children) that these images are fake.
Diet advertisements are another problem. On television, in magazines and newspapers, we are continually exposed to the notion that losing weight will make us happier and it will be through "THIS diet plan". Time and time again it has been proven that, for the long-term, regimented diet plans DO NOT work, yet our society continues to buy into the idea that they do. Pop-culture's imposed definition of "the ideal body" combined with the diet industry's drive to make more money, creates a never-ending cycle of ad upon ad that try to convince us "...if you lose weight, your life will be good." The flip side is that as long as we continue to buy into their false claims by purchasing these (often dangerous) products, the more the diet industry will keep pushing their slogans at us.
From the About-Face organization: "400-600 advertisements bombard us everyday in magazines, on billboards, on tv, and in newspapers. One in eleven has a direct message about beauty, not even counting the indirect messages."
While all of these images, advertisements, and messages may be counterproductive to a good self-image, and society's overall acceptance of each person's different size and shape, they are NOT the reason so many men and women develop an Eating Disorder. These images may not help, and for those already open to the possibility of negative coping mechanisms and/or mental illness, the media may play a small contributing role -- but ultimately, if a young man or woman's life situation, environment, and/or genetics leave them open to an Eating Disorder (or alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, OCD, etc.), they will still end up in the same place regardless of television or magazines. Ultimately it's important to know that Anorexia, Bulimia and Compulsive Overeating are NOT about weight and food. Rather they are complex disorders where each sufferer is plagued with low self-esteem, an inability to cope with their own emotions and stress, and many underlying issues that have lead them to their disordered eating.
 
Barbie- the height of perfection?
Barbie-type dolls have often been blamed on playing a role in the development of body-image problems and Eating Disorders. Not only do these dolls have fictionally proportioned, small body sizes, but they lean towards escalating the belief that materialistic possessions, beauty and thinness equate happiness. Barbie has more accessories available to purchase than can be believed, including Ken, her attractive boyfriend. She has an assortment of jobs including: Potty-training her sister Kelly, princess and more recently, Dentist (in which she wears a mini-skirt and has enough hair that her patients would choke).

 I believe Barbie helps to perpetuate an ideal of materialism, beauty, and being thin as important elements to happiness in one's life. At an age where children are very impressionable and seek to be like the role models around them, it's important to emphasize that they are pretend. If your kids want
these dolls
(and lots of kids do), they should learn to rely on their imagination in playing with Barbie creatively (we often have her driving a dump truck or fixing the car in our house). In general, children need to be exposed to a variety toys, and provided with well-rounded choices. Most importantly, they need to see in real-life the true role models such as doctors, teachers, women and men in history, artists, writers, and moms and dads.

Society and Culture
 
In addition to the media, part of the societal problems are a result of lack of education. Girls and boys need to be aware of the changes their bodies go through during puberty and why, and as well, why they should feel proud of their bodies no matter what size or shape.
People in societal "pop-culture", whether consciously or subconsciously, perpetuate the ideal of thinness through their conversations, judgments and teasing of their peers and other family members. The associate of shame with weight, as women tend to not want to disclose what they weigh, or do not want to be seen in "this bathing-suit" or "that pair of shorts" contributes to the sense that they should be ashamed of their body size. The chronic passive obsession about weight within families (wife asks husband "do I look fat in this?"), and within circles of friends (first time seeing someone in a while, the comment: "you've gained/lost weight!") continues to emphasize the idea that how we look and what we weigh is of utmost importance. Many of us blame the magazines and diet ads, while we walk around guilty of the same "crimes".
A high percentage of the American culture falls into one of two categories. Couch potato or exercise freak. There is no consistent example set to our children that moderate regular exercise is good for us and essential for our health. They either see us rigorously obsessed with burning calories and fat, or neglecting our bodies through lack of activity. We also live in the age of the video game and the internet where many of our children spend countless hours in front of Nintendo or watching as their parents sit at the computer for hours on end. It is important to encourage your kids to go outside and play and to teach them about exercise. They need to know that there is such a thing as too much or too little. The best thing you can do for your children is to take walks as a family four or five days per week, because "it's good for our bodies and because it's fun".
A recent study by a popular television news program investigated the pursuit of a professional career, and how looks play a role. Two men and two women were sent out in search of jobs (one of each was considered more attractive than the other, and their looks were accentuated up or down with make-up). Both dressed well and had equal qualifications. Each time the "more attractive" man or woman, though equally well-spoken, amicable and qualified, was immediately invited back for a return interview, or hired right away. Looks and weight have continued to play a role in whether a person is hired, or is able to be promoted, especially in women. Professional women are often expected to be thin, well-dressed, and attractive.
http://www.something-fishy.org/cultural/themedia.php

Thin girls in music videos

It is all to common in todays society that female models in music videos to apear near emasiated. female dancers and models out number males massivly in music videos, the women in music videos often tend to be dressed in matching clothes creating a uniformed effect this is also mirrored in the sexualised dance moves the girls present to us creates an objectification effect. We watch the models and dancers as if they where objects, where as we do NOT with the males presented in a non-sexual way in music videos.

Music videos are a particularly influential, new form of mass media for adolescents, which include the depiction of scantily clad female models whose bodies epitomise the ultra-thin sociocultural ideal for young women. The present study is the first exposure experiment that examines the impact of thin models in music videos on the body dissatisfaction of 16-19-year-old adolescent girls. First, participants completed measures of positive and negative affect, body image, and self-esteem. Under the guise of a memory experiment, they then either watched three music videos, listened to three songs (from the videos), or learned a list of words. Affect and body image were assessed afterwards. In contrast to the music listening and word-learning conditions, girls who watched the music videos reported significantly elevated scores on an adaptation of the Body Image States Scale after exposure, indicating increased body dissatisfaction. Self-esteem was not found to be a significant moderator of this relationship. Implications and future research are discussed.


Wednesday, 13 June 2012

An introduction to the sexulisation of women in the music industry

The sexulisation of women, young women and girls in todays media is not only harmful but extreamly worrying. woman in the media and in particular the music industry struggle to 'make it' without a degree of self de moralising sexulisation. This takes many forms with in the music from distastful sexulised lyrics to scatly clad outfits, sybolic of undergarments. It is common in todays media that the more fleash on show, the better!

9 in 10 girls say the fashion industry and media place alot of pressure on them to be thin.
- Girl Scouts of the USA research institute.
31% of girls admit to starving themselves or refusing to eat as a stratgey for weight loss
- Girl Scouts of the USA research institute.
The more hours of T.V. a boy watches, the more sexist his prospectives become
- Geena Davis institute on gender in media

The sexualization of women in the media has become an intricate part of our society-whether it is in advertisements, magazines, commercials or even music videos.
  After making their debut on MTV in the early 1980s, the popularity of music videos has dramatically increased. As this new medium became a more integral part of the music industry, the roles that women played have changed over time.
 Whether they are the lead singers or back-up dancers, women are sexualized now more than ever. While sex appeal was once considered a bonus for a woman, it is now practically a requirement.
  A Professor of Communications at the University of Massachusetts analyzes the representation and portrayal of women in music videos. He points out that women are usually "barely dressed" or wearing "low-cut and skimpy tops, stockings, lingerie, and bikinis" when they are dressed. In addition to this, women often outnumber men while performing provocatively for the cameras by touching themselves, the male artists, or other women.

According to Mulvey: “...the male gaze projects its fantasies on to the female figure which is styled accordingly….women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness”. As a result, women hold the look of the male, play to it and thus signify male desire.

Women as Sexual Objects

Sex sells.
There is no denying this fact.
It is a tremendous marketing tool and fuels the insatiable cravings of a sex-obsessed society. Women are sexually objectified to maintain the strong patriarchal values that the world has been built on since the beginning of time. The Feminist movement made vast improvements during the 1960s because change was an acceptable and respected practice during this era. However, for as much as the 1960s accomplished, the Patriarchal establishment still reigns supreme. It is extremely difficult to challenge a system that has been set in stone for centuries.

There are some female singers present in the music industry. Many have great voices and maintain a strong subjectivity throughout their songs or performances. Artists such as Whitney Huston, Aretha Franklin and Reba McEntire are rarely criticized for their raunchy lyrics or fashions. The sole factor being is that they do not need to be vulgar or raunchy. They have been around for quite sometime and are respected on the merit of their talents alone. They have proven themselves. It is the younger generation of singers that are the most troublesome.

The Younger Generation of Singers

There have been many young artists that have started out as legitimate singers. Vowing to make it on the strength of their voice rather then the size of their body, artists begin their career with a dream. However, record companies place a lot of trust, time and money into an artist and if that particular singer’s record sales begin to dwindle, changes must ensue.

The most crucial aspect of this singer is no longer her voice. It has now become about her body and how she can sexualize herself to appeal to a large male audience (in hopes of obtaining fans that may not have been attracted to her music in the first place). If one would reminisce for a brief moment. Think about the artists that started off as innocent, wholesome singers and then abruptly transitioned into highly sexualized objects. Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera ect...

In a brief biography on Britney Spears, located on legendvega.com, the idea of sexuality and female pop singers is focused on in detail: " ...there was a definite tension between the wholesome innocence Spears tried to project for her female audience, and the titillating sexuality that enticed so many male fans. Those marketing tactics made Spears a somewhat controversial figure, the subject of endless debates concerning appropriate role models for teenage girls" (2002).
These artists will fabricate and state that they altered their look because they had personally changed inside. How naïve do these singers believe society is? There is no record company in this world (who has invested millions into this particular singer) that would allow one of its artists to alter their image for their own benefit. There is too much at risk. That is why there are executives sitting around a boardroom table for hours on end contemplating how they can better market their performer to the world. So when Christina Aguilera mentions that she became “dirty” as a result of her maturation, one can just imagine the Public Relations group for Christina silently padding themselves on the back.

Music, Sex and Teenagers

The world is a highly sexually charged entity and sex is a key component for young adults. There is no denying this fact. Thus, it is appropriate to discuss the nature of sexuality with teenagers at an early age. However, when these spin doctors of the music industry begin to exploit sexuality for the purpose of record sales, is when it begins to become a problem.
In an article located in The Christian News, Dr. Janice Shaw Crouse, director of Concerned Women For America (CWA) was adamant about the negative influences these images have in present day society. Using Britney Spears as an example, she was quoted as stating: "Britney illustrates what happens when we fail to address the ‘harmful attitudes and practices’ of popular culture" (February 28, 2007).
These artists are role models to young females around the world. They respect them and want to emulate their every move. They are so enthralled by their idol that they begin to dress like them in hopes of being like them (unaware of the potential risks). Males, on the other hand, lustfully desire these singers. They place their gaze upon them and begin to objectify them. The fact that males sexualize these singers will only increase the chances of these males sexualizing these young females.
Patriarchal society is a dominant structure and will more then likely stand the test of time. However, In light of this belief, the longer women continue to be objectified and classified as sexual beings, the longer it will take to rid the world of these sexual images threatening the innocence of today’s youth.
 
This is an academic article about gender and the music industry.